WIPO中国：在人工智能时代开创音乐版权保护与管理的创新

北京，8月16日 – 世界知识产权组织中国办事处（WIPO中国办事处）与中国音像著作权协会（CAVCA）共同举办了人工智能（AI）与音乐产业版权问题研讨会。会议探讨了AI所带来的革命性影响，如何应对音乐版权保护和管理带来的机遇与挑战。

Beijing, August 16th – The WIPO Office in China (WOC) and the China Audio-Video Copyright Association (CAVCA) jointly organized a seminar focusing on the intersection of artificial intelligence (AI) and copyright issues within the music industry. This seminar explored the opportunities and challenges arising from the transformative impact of AI on reshaping music copyright protection and management.

图：CAVCA | Photo: CAVCA

WIPO中国办事处主任刘华女士在开幕致辞中强调了数字技术，尤其是生成式人工智能在音乐版权保护和管理领域所引发的开创性潜力。虽然数字化为音乐创造带来了新的途径，但也由于复制和传播变得更加容易，加剧了有关版权保护和公平权利分配的担忧。此外，随着数据收集相关的隐私问题和模型训练引发的侵权风险等挑战也逐渐浮现。

Ms. Liu Hua, Director of the WIPO Office in China, emphasized in her opening remarks the groundbreaking potential introduced by digital technology, particularly generative AI, in the fields of music copyright protection and management. While digitization has opened new avenues for musical creativity, it has also heightened concerns about copyright protection and the equitable distribution of rights due to the increased ease of replication and distribution. Furthermore, challenges involving privacy concerns related to data collection and infringement risks associated with model training have come to the forefront.

刘华强调了WIPO在促进关于AI、数据和前沿技术在知识产权管理中应用的讨论中的积极作用。特别值得注意的是，她提到了2022年举行的第七届WIPO知识产权和前沿技术对话会，重点探讨了元宇宙的挑战和前景。这次会议吸引了来自不同国家的大量参与者。会议展示了元宇宙在外交领域的应用实例；例如，巴巴多斯利用区块链技术在元宇宙中获取虚拟土地，建立虚拟大使馆和领事馆，并提供“电子签证”等服务。同样，非洲发起了“生命之水”项目，这是一个利用发行水滴NFT来筹集为非洲提供清洁水资源的慈善项目。会议也认为，将作品上传到数字交易平台并将其转化为NFT作品供公众观赏，可能侵犯了复制权和信息网络传播权。

Liu Hua highlighted WIPO’s role in facilitating discussions about the application of AI, data, and cutting-edge technologies in intellectual property management. Notably, she referred to the seventh WIPO Conversation on IP and Frontier Technologies held in 2022, which focused on the challenges and potential of the metaverse. This event garnered significant participation from various countries. The conference showcased instances of the metaverse’s application in diplomatic contexts; for instance, Barbados used blockchain technology to acquire virtual land in the metaverse, establishing virtual embassies and consulates and offering services like “e-visas.” Similarly, Africa initiated the “Drops of Life” project, a charitable endeavor that utilized the issuance of water drop NFTs to raise funds for clean water sources. The conference also held that uploading works onto digital trading platforms and transforming them into NFT works for public viewing might infringe upon the right to reproduction and the right of information network dissemination.

图：CAVCA | Photo: CAVCA

在发言中，音像协会副理事长兼总干事周亚平先生深入分析了人工智能对音乐创作、传播和版权保护的影响。他强调，人工智能的应用潜力在音乐创作、传播和版权动态方面带来了重大变革。他呼吁制定新的音乐版权保护和管理规则与制度，以填补AI时代现行法规的不足之处。

During his address, Mr. Zhou Yaping, Vice Chairman and Director General of CAVCA, provided an in-depth analysis of AI’s impact on music creation, distribution, and copyright protection. He emphasized that the application of AI has the potential to bring about significant changes in music composition, distribution, and copyright dynamics. He called for the formulation of new rules and regulations on music copyright protection and management to address gaps in current regulations within the AI era.

图：CAVCA | Photo: CAVCA

来自华东政法大学的王迁教授深入探讨了人工智能与音乐产业法律问题。他讨论了在著作权法下何为作品，以及如何判断由AI生成的音乐是否应受到版权保护。王迁教授还分析了关于AI是否应被视为创造性主体还是创造性工具的持续争论。他进一步介绍了当前的法律规定和案例法。例如，在Midjourney生成的漫画书“黎明的扎里亚”作品登记案中，美国版权局认为由AI生成的图形不符合版权保护条件。在音乐领域，“AI歌手”根据现行法律不被视为表演者，但使用通过AI生成的音乐仍可能侵犯他人音乐作品的著作权。关于将音乐用于训练AI的问题，王迁教授建议，是否属于合理使用范畴应取决于使用是否仅用于训练，还是以传播等方式利用了AI生成的与在先作品实质性相似的内容。

Professor Wang Qian from the East China University of Political Science and Law delved into the legal considerations surrounding AI and the music industry. He discussed what constitutes a work under copyright law and how it pertains to determining whether AI-generated music deserves copyright protection. Professor Wang also analyzed the ongoing debate regarding whether AI should be seen as a creative subject or a creative tool. He further provided insights into current legal provisions and case law. For instance, in the case of copyright registration of Zarya of the Dawn, a comic book generated by Midjourney, the US Copyright Office deemed the AI-generated graphics ineligible for copyright protection. In the realm of music, “AI singers” are not recognized as performers under current law, yet creating music through AI could still infringe upon the musical compositions of others. Regarding the use of music for training AI, Professor Wang suggested that whether such use falls under fair use should be determined by whether it’s solely for training purposes, or whether it utilizes AI-generated content that is substantially similar to previous works in a way such as dissemination.

图：CAVCA | Photo: CAVCA

其他发言嘉宾，包括首都版权协会秘书长冯华女士、阔景音乐集团首席执行官刘鑫先生和讯飞音乐高级合伙人胡浩先生，讨论了解决版权争议的实际途径、AI在音乐创作中的作用，以及解决与AI相关挑战的创新法律方法。

Contributors such as Ms. Feng Hua, Secretary-General of the Capital Copyright Society, Mr. Liu Xin, CEO of Grand Vista Music Group, and Mr. Hu Hao, Senior Partner of iFlytek Music, discussed strategies for resolving copyright disputes, the role of AI in music creation, and innovative legal approaches to tackle AI-related challenges.

这次研讨会采用线上线下相结合的方式，吸引了来自音像协会百余家会员单位以及行业领袖的代表。通过WIPO中国办事处与音像协会的合作，研讨会旨在促进讨论、弥合知识鸿沟，并激发在人工智能时代变革中创新音乐版权保护与管理的解决方案。

The seminar, featuring a hybrid format combining both online and offline participation, attracted representatives from over a hundred member units of CAVCA, as well as prominent leaders in the industry. Through the collaborative efforts of the WIPO Office in China and CAVCA, the seminar aimed to facilitate discussions, bridge knowledge gaps, and inspire innovative solutions for music copyright protection and management in the transformative era of artificial intelligence.